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''Kali's Child: The Mystical and the Erotic in the Life and Teachings of Ramakrishna'' is a book on the Indian mystic Ramakrishna by Hindu studies scholar Jeffrey J. Kripal, published in 1995 by the University of Chicago press.〔Jeffrey J. Kripal (1995), ''Kali's Child: The Mystical and the Erotic in the Life and Teachings of Ramakrishna''. First edition. University of Chicago Press.〕〔 It argues for a homoerotic strain in Ramakrishna's life, rituals, and teachings. The book won the American Academy of Religion's History of Religions Prize for the Best First Book of 1995.〔 It has been criticised by Ramakrishna's followers and several scholars, and became the object of an intense controversy among both Western and Indian audiences.〔 〕〔 〕 Critics have argued that the book's conclusions were arrived at through mistranslation of Bengali, misunderstanding of tantra, and misuse of psychoanalysis.〔〔〔 Two attempts have been made to have the book banned in India, in 1996 and 2001, but did not pass in the Parliament.〔 Kripal published a second edition in 1998〔 Jeffrey J. Kripal (1998), ''Kali's Child: The Mystical and the Erotic in the Life and Teachings of Ramakrishna''. Second edition. University of Chicago Press. 〕〔 Jeffrey J. Kripal (January 1998), ''Pale Plausibilities: A Preface for the Second Edition (Kali's Child )''. University of Chicago Press. (Online version ) available at Kripal's Rice University website, accessed on 2010-01-13. 〕 and several essays and rebuttals,〔〔 but as of 2004 the controversy still continued.〔 John Stratton Hawley (2004), ''The Damage of Separation: Krishna’s Loves and Kali’s Child''. Journal of the American Academy of Religion, volume 72, issue 2, pages 369–393. (Online version ) at jaar.oxfordjournals.org, accessed on 2008-07-20. 〕 ==Overview== The book was developed from Kripal's Ph.D. dissertation on Ramakrishna at the University of Chicago, advised by Wendy Doniger. According to Kripal, he adopted a Freudian approach to uncover the connections between tantric and psychoanalytic hermeneutical traditions. In the preface, Kripal writes that he was fascinated and interested in the relation between "human sexuality and mystical experience".〔''Kali's Child'', Preface, p.xiv〕 He also mentions that ''Kali's Child'' was influenced by Wendy Doniger whose, "voluminous work, both in its rhetoric style and its erotic content provided me with a scholarly context, a genre if you will, in which I could write and defend my own ideas."〔''Kali's Child'', Preface, p.xvi〕 The primary thesis of ''Kali's Child'' is that a Ramakrishna's mystical experiences were generated by the lingering results of childhood traumas, and sublimated homoerotic and pedophiliac passions; and that "Ramakrishna’s mystical experiences...were in actual fact profoundly, provocatively, scandalously erotic."〔 Kripal has argued〔 that the same view was expressed 12 years earlier by Malcolm McLean, in his English translation of the ''Kathamrita''.〔 Malcolm McLean (1983), ''A Translation of Sri-Sri-Ramakrsna-Kathamrta with Explanatory Notes and Critical Introduction''. Ph.D.dissertation, Otago University.〕 Kripal examines a series of remarks made by Ramakrishna to some of his intimate disciples regarding his mystical experiences and visions which, following Ramakrishna, he calls "secret talks" (''guhya katha'').〔〔〔 Kripal argues that Ramakrishna's attitudes and orientations were well known to some of his contemporaries (though not to Ramakrishna himself) and were hidden and suppressed, initially by his own disciples and later by members of the Ramakrishna Order.〔 He argues a systematic whitewashing of details and a general cover-up carried out by the biographers and translators of Ramakrishna.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kali's Child」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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